Pentagram iron 4cm

The first known uses of the pentagram are found in Mesopotamian writings dating to about 3000 BC.^{[citation needed]} The Sumerian pentagrams served as pictograms for the word "UB" meaning "corner, angle, nook; a small room, cavity, hole; pitfall", suggesting something very similar to the pentemychos (see below on the Pythagorean use for what pentemychos means). In René Labat's index system of Sumerian hieroglyphs/pictograms it is shown with two points up.^{[unreliable source?][9]} In the Babylonian context, the edges of the pentagram were probably orientations: forward, backward, left, right, and "above".^{[citation needed]} These directions also had an astrological meaning, representing the five planets Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, Saturn, and Venus as the "Queen of Heaven" (Ishtar) above.^{[citation needed]}

Pythagoreans

Hugieia Pentagram

The Pythagoreans called the pentagram ὑγιεία Hugieia ("health"; also the Greek goddess of health, Hygieia^[10]), and saw in the pentagram a mathematical perfection (see Geometry section below).

The ancient Pythagorean pentagram, with two legs up, represented the Pentemychos (πεντέμυχος "of five sanctuaries"),^[11] a cosmogony written by Pythagoras' teacher and friend Pherecydes of Syros.^[12][13] It was the "island" or "cave"^[12] where the first pre-cosmic-offspring had to be put in order for the cosmos to appear: "the divine products of Chronos' seed [σπέρμα spérma], when disposed in five recesses, were called πεντέμυχος (Pentemychos)".^[12]

Size 28 mm

Made in Czech Republic